Professor of architecture Tom Avermaete is researching how cities are designed and how they have evolved over time – and what we can learn from this for the urban planning of the future. In his ERC project, he is investigating how cooperatives, housing associations, and other collective institutions jointly plan, build and manage housing, cultural centres and other public facilities. To this end, his team is comparing examples from Sweden, France and Switzerland dating from the period between 1890 and 1990. The project aims to demonstrate the contribution collective initiatives have made to creating liveable cities – and what insights they can offer for current challenges such as affordable housing, social inclusion and sustainable urban development.