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Geographies of Opportunity

The Urban-Think Tank Chair of Architecture and Urban Design recently launched a two-year design research project in the informal settlements of Cape Town, South Africa, with field surveys, commented walks and the design and facilitation of a series of open workshops. Referencing methods of participation from the Informal Settlement Network (ISN), the team is developing a customized and scalable methodology for the upgrade of a pilot site in BT-Section, Khayelitsha.

The image above is a collation of measured field drawings recorded by community groups and accompanying ETH students during the HS2014 Seminar Week. Each group was tasked to survey an area of the site with the aid of a tape measure, graphite and paper. The shared site analysis had two advantages. Firstly, it offered a set of data for the production of maps, models, simulations, and proposals derived from the social forms of organization of the study space. Secondly, it mobilized the force of collective participation. Mediated skillfully, this can help support community cohesion and strengthen claims to formal recognition and eventually tenure security.

Although protection from eviction is afforded by South Africa’s 1994 constitution, and supported by a taboo on forced removal, development pressure and the constant expansion of informal settlements mean the judicial boundaries of the territory are being negotiated on a daily basis. Self-organization and the use of recognized methods of surveying and enumeration offer a stake in this negotiation and a powerful articulation of citizenry. They also represent a method of resistance to the continued legacy of poor urban management and exclusionary policy that has given rise to the settlements.

In addition, the mapping exercises also provided the base material to articulate the shared ambitions of the community. Specifically, the survey recorded the land currently occupied by each resident in square meters, while also documenting the material construction of each house, the position of openings, common pathways, and shared social and commercial spaces. Investigating further, a hybrid method of recording was developed and undertaken during the Chair’s initial field research into owner-built, two-story houses in 2013. The ‘commented walk’ was a survey conducted as a personal guided tour, during which resident volunteers presented their living spaces, the surrounding social spaces, and the history and methods of housing construction.

Critical practice in design research offers a richer understanding of the complex layers of experience, and real limitations of the built environment, which shape everyday life in informal settlements. This feeds back into the design process as a responsive and creative exercise based on a reading of space drawn deep beyond material surface and form. The South African government has rolled back its 20-year social housing program and is embarking on a ‘paradigm shift’ in relation to informal settlement interventions. In situ, community-driven upgrading has emerged as the only effective tool for responsive engagement. The paradigm shift is also one of responsibility, whereby residents will continue to build the city and redefine its limits outside the formal urban system.

Scott Lloyd manages the Urban-Think Tank Chair of Architecture and Urban Design’s ‘Empower Shack’ project, partnering with Cape Town-based NGO Ikhayalami. The IA and MIS chairs at ETH Zurich are collaborating on methodological and analytic tools, while the project is supported by the Swiss Re Foundation.

 

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Questo contributo è stato pubblicato nella seguente newsletter:

25 | März 2015: Mapping

  • Mapping Everything
  • When the Dog is Dead, Throw it in the River – Mapping and the Challenges of the Ciliwung
  • Geographies of Opportunity
  • Verkehrsinfrastruktur, Macht, Staat
  • «Explorative Data-Mapping – Experimental Teaching Tools» innerhalb des MAS in Landscape Architecture
Kurzmeldungen
  • Improving Pedestrian Mobility Through Bottom-Up Strategies, ETH-EiABC Workshop 2014 Addis Ababa Ethiopia
  • Workshops zur Kartierung von Ökosystemleistungen
  • Effiziente Flughafenerschliessungssysteme im Hinblick auf die Landnutzung an Flughäfen
  • NSM – Advancing the Model for Safety Improvement of the Road Network in the City of Zurich
  • Teilnehmende für Eye-Tracking-Studie gesucht
  • Neue Studienleitung des MAS, CAS, DAS Raumplanung
Publikationen
  • Young-Old: Urban Utopias of an Aging Society.
  • From absolute protection to controlled disaster: New perspectives on flood management in times of climate change
  • Analysis of the Network Exit Functions for different urban grid network configurations
  • Forget About Utopia
  • Integrated Transport and Land Use Modeling for Sustainable Cities
  • How international borders affect local public transport: Analyses and evaluations of cross-border agglomerations in Switzerland. France and Germany

Cattedre

Prof. Dr. Bryan T. Adey
Prof. Dr. Kay W. Axhausen
Prof. Dr. Tom Avermaete
Prof. Maria Conen
Prof. Dr. Francesco Corman
Dr. Jennifer Duyne Barenstein
Prof. Teresa Galí-Izard
Prof. Dr. Adrienne Grêt-Regamey
Prof. Dr. Guillaume Habert
Prof. Dr. David Kaufmann
Prof. Hubert Klumpner
Dr. Anastasios Kouvelas
Prof. Freek Persyn
Prof. Dr. Christian Schmid
Prof. Milica Topalovic
EiR PD Dr. Joris Van Wezemael
Prof. em Dr. h. c. Günther Vogt
ETH Wohnforum – ETH CASE

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