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The Impact of Vertical Densification on Public Lighting in Informal Settlements: Using Virtual Environments as an Evaluation Tool for Policy Making

The 3D model of the case-study street (future four-storey scenario) including color-coded construction years and its outdoor lighting in 2019. Source: 3D model: Walczak, 2019; lighting reconstruction: Kretzer, 2019-2020

David Michael Kretzer & Michael Walczak
2020

There are a variety of reasons to support the premise that public lighting is beneficial to urban communities. At the same time, a key challenge for the provision of public lighting in informal settlements is their constant physical transformation. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the application of virtual environments (VEs) in lighting planning and policy making.

Despite the fact that VEs offer the opportunity to explore an environment by freely navigating through it, including environments that change over time, this feature is rarely taken into account in decision-making processes. A VE-based analysis tool for informal settlement lighting is presented using a case-study street in the informal settlement of Caracolí in Bogotá as its basis. The main data set for the VE scenarios was comprised of results from a household survey, spatial measurements, and participant observations as well as luminous intensity distribution curves. The household survey was used to collect time-related data on the incremental construction of Caracoli’s informal dwellings, which was then projected into past, present, and future night-time scenarios. The lighting quality of these different scenarios was systematically evaluated via lighting calculation software, revealing a variety of shortcomings caused by the current lighting approach. Based on these findings, an alternative lighting approach was developed and re-examined using lighting calculations. Finally, custom game-engine technology and GPU computing were deployed, which allowed for real-time visualisation of the different lighting scenarios and their lighting quality. This setup therefore enables fast iterative feedback loops for current and future lighting policy scenarios and the resulting lighting design. In the first instance, a VE can illustrate well how current lighting policy results in a significant delay of lighting provision in the early stage of a settlement as well as highlight the mismatch between lighting technology and the built environment during the vertical densification phases. Second, the VE is able to showcase alternative lighting technologies and policy approaches as well as the resulting lighting effects, enabling a visual comparison of different policy scenarios over several decades. In conclusion it will be argued that the dynamic VE technology appears to be a promising decision-making tool for illustrating potential planning and design shortcomings to policy stakeholders in a manner understandable to the layman.

Find out more

A digital copy of an informal luminaire, including its photometric characteristics. © D. Kretzer & M. Walczak, ETH Zurich

Co-creating Public Lighting Technology and Policy for Informal Settlements
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This article has been published in the following newsletter edition:

48 | Dezember 2020: Communication | Mediation

  • Bringing the Land Back into the City – Possibilities for Ecological Transition in Geneva
  • Communicating Railway Delays and Adjusted Timetables: the Role of Incomplete Information to Passengers in Railway Operations
  • Participatory Multi-objective Optimization for Planning Dense and Green Cities
  • Exploring Urban Scale Models
  • Von San Francisco bis Moskau. Der Botanische Garten Zürich als ein Drehkreuz im globalen Pflanzenhandel des 19. Jahrhunderts
  • Generationenwohnen – von Erfahrungen innovativer Wohnprojekte lernen
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  • 3D DSS for Supporting the Planning of Electric Power Systems
  • Aktualisierung Raum+ Kanton Obwalden
  • Neue Gastdozentin Landschaftsarchitektur: Maren Brakebusch
  • Projektstart: Digitale Nachbarschaften
Publikationen
  • The Impact of Vertical Densification on Public Lighting in Informal Settlements: Using Virtual Environments as an Evaluation Tool for Policy Making
  • MaaS Bundle Design
  • Projektdokumentation Jugendjobbörse Winterthur
  • Rewriting Architecture 10+1 Actions: Tabula Scripta
  • Transforming Knowledge Systems for Life on Earth: Visions of Future Systems and how to get there
  • Sustainable Funding Strategies for Stormwater Infrastructure Management: A System Dynamics Model
  • Considering Automated Vehicle Deployment Uncertainty in the Design of Optimal Parking Garages Using Real Options
  • Identifying Changes in Bicycle Accident Trends Using GIS and Time Series Information in the City of Zürich
  • Densification Processes in Comparison: Alexandra and Marlboro South
  • disP 56/3, September 2020
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Prof. Dr. Bryan T. Adey
Prof. Dr. Kay W. Axhausen
Prof. Dr. Tom Avermaete
Prof. Dr. Francesco Corman
Prof. Teresa Galí-Izard
Prof. Christophe Girot
Prof. Dr. Adrienne Grêt-Regamey
Prof. Dr. Guillaume Habert
Prof. Dr. David Kaufmann
Prof. Hubert Klumpner
Dr. Anastasios Kouvelas
Dr. Markus Nollert
Prof. Freek Persyn
Prof. Dr. Christian Schmid
Prof. Milica Topalovic
EiR PD Dr. Joris Van Wezemael
Prof. Dr. h. c. Günther Vogt
ETH Wohnforum – ETH CASE

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